Kiwifruit flourishing in northern Greece 獼猴桃在希臘北部蓬勃發(fā)展

Kiwifruit flourishing in northern Greece 獼猴桃在希臘北部蓬勃發(fā)展

Big fans of Zespri, farmers have had the vines in their orchards for up to 40 years already.作為佳沛（Zespri）的忠實(shí)粉絲，果農(nóng)們已經(jīng)在果園里種植這種葡萄藤長(zhǎng)達(dá)40年了。

▲Harvest time. Kiwifruit pickers in action.

It’s the farmer’s curse wherever in the world you are: it doesn’t rain for weeks but chucks it down when you least want it.無論身處世界的哪個(gè)角落，這都是農(nóng)民們常常抱怨的事：一連幾周滴雨不下，偏偏在最不需要雨的時(shí)候，大雨傾盆而下。

So it was for Greek kiwifruit grower Kostas Kallitsis earlier this month. He was relieved after two days of rain to get a team of pickers back into his 9.5 hectare crop of Green kiwifruit.本月早些時(shí)候，希臘獼猴桃種植者科斯塔斯·卡利蒂斯（Kostas Kallitsis）也經(jīng)歷了同樣的情況。在連續(xù)兩天的降雨后，他終于松了一口氣，因?yàn)椴烧?duì)得以重新進(jìn)入他9.5公頃的綠獼猴桃果園。

His Katerini orchard sits south of Thessaloniki, between the Thracian Sea and Olympus mountains in northern Greece.他的卡泰里尼果園位于塞薩洛尼基以南，希臘北部的色雷斯海和奧林匹斯山脈之間。

His family has been growing kiwifruit since 1987 and he supplies Zespri. In 2018 he was one of the first to trial Zespri SunGold.他的家人自1987年起便開始種植獼猴桃，并且他向佳沛（Zespri）公司供貨。2018年，他成為首批試種佳沛陽光金奇異果（Zespri SunGold）的人之一。

Such was its success, yielding about 50t/ha, he has approval to plant 2ha next year, and hopes to eventually grow 3ha.由于種植非常成功，每公頃產(chǎn)量約50噸，他已獲準(zhǔn)明年種植2公頃，并希望最終能種植3公頃。

▲Greek kiwifruit grower Kostas Kallitsis and Iasonas Zacharis, Zespri orchard programmes specialist, inspect a Green crop in Kallitsis’ orchard.

Greek kiwifruit grower Kostas Kallitsis and Iasonas Zacharis, Zespri orchard programmes specialist, inspect a Green crop in Kallitsis’ orchard.希臘獼猴桃種植者科斯塔斯·卡利蒂斯（Kostas Kallitsis）和佳沛果園項(xiàng)目專家伊阿索納斯·扎卡里斯（Iasonas Zacharis）在卡利蒂斯的果園里檢查綠色作物。
His oldest Green vines were on track to yield 25/t a hectare this year, slightly back on the regional average of 30t/ha and what he has produced in recent years.他最老的那批綠藤今年有望每公頃產(chǎn)出25噸，略低于該地區(qū)每公頃30噸的平均產(chǎn)量，也低于他近年來的產(chǎn)量。

The fruit is also slightly smaller than last year, but the average Brix is 7.5%.果實(shí)的個(gè)頭也比去年略小，但平均糖度為7.5%。

▲新西蘭高枝牽引獼猴桃果園照片

Reliable weather has not required vines to be covered but Kallitsis said the climate is changing, with more heavy weather events, so he will cover his commercial SunGold crop.以往氣候穩(wěn)定，葡萄藤無需遮蓋，但卡利蒂斯表示，氣候正在發(fā)生變化，惡劣天氣事件增多，因此他將為他的商品化黃金太陽葡萄（SunGold）作物提供遮蓋。

Winters can be cold in Katerini, with 1000 to 1200 chilling hours, which Kallitsis said is ideal for Green and will also suit SunGold.卡泰里尼的冬季十分寒冷，有1000至1200小時(shí)的寒冷時(shí)間，卡利蒂斯（Kallitsis）表示，這對(duì)于綠皮（Green）品種來說非常理想，也適合黃金太陽（SunGold）品種。

The soil is 60% sand, 40% silt and 1.5% organic matter.土壤由60%的沙、40%的粉土和1.5%的有機(jī)質(zhì)組成。

▲Harvested kiwifruit in the Greek orchard of Kostas Kallitsis.在科斯塔斯·卡利蒂斯的希臘果園里收獲的獼猴桃。
“It’s not the best in Greece, but it’s pretty decent,” he said.“雖然不是希臘最好的，但也相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，”他說。

The region has a history of growing apples, olives, grapes, arable crops and vegetables with kiwifruit grown for 40 years, the longest in Greece.該地區(qū)有種植蘋果、橄欖、葡萄、可耕地作物和蔬菜的傳統(tǒng)，獼猴桃的種植歷史長(zhǎng)達(dá)40年，是希臘種植時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的。

The 36-year-old also grows strawberries and table grapes.這位36歲的種植者還種植草莓和鮮食葡萄。

Irrigation comes from bores and Kallitsis said local authorities are starting to impose restrictions on its use. It is unclear what that will mean for his orchard.灌溉水源來自鉆井，卡利蒂西斯（Kallitsis）表示，當(dāng)?shù)卣_始對(duì)其使用施加限制。目前尚不清楚這對(duì)他的果園將意味著什么。

▲Golden kiwifruit after artificial pollination

Like many other European Green kiwifruit growers, Kallitsis is a supplier to both Zespri and other markets.與許多其他歐洲綠色獼猴桃種植者一樣，卡利蒂斯既是佳沛的供應(yīng)商，也是其他市場(chǎng)的供應(yīng)商。

To supply Zespri, he is required to adhere to the same quality control standards and monitoring as growers in New Zealand, with Zespri taking only his very best fruit.為了向佳沛（Zespri）供貨，他必須遵守與新西蘭種植者相同的質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和監(jiān)測(cè)要求，因?yàn)榧雅嬷皇召徦詈玫乃?/p>

Twelve years ago, prior to supplying Zespri with Green kiwifruit, he was receiving about €30-40c/kg. Now it is about €1.10/kg.十二年前，在向佳沛（Zespri）供應(yīng)綠奇異果之前，他的收購價(jià)是每公斤30-40歐分?，F(xiàn)在則是每公斤1.10歐元左右。

Interest in growing kiwifruit, especially SunGold, is reflected in demand for land in Katerini, with suitable bare land selling for €30,000 to €40,000/ha. It costs another €50,000/ha to establish an orchard.對(duì)種植獼猴桃，尤其是黃金奇異果（SunGold）的興趣，反映在卡泰里尼對(duì)土地的需求上，適合種植的裸地售價(jià)為每公頃3萬至4萬歐元。而建立果園的成本則為每公頃5萬歐元。

Nikos Adamidis has one of Greece’s oldest kiwifruit orchards, established in 1984 when his father replaced an apple orchard.尼科斯·阿迪米迪斯擁有希臘最古老的獼猴桃果園之一，該果園于1984年建立，當(dāng)時(shí)他的父親將一片蘋果園改造成了獼猴桃園。

Today Nikos Adamidis grows about 12ha of Green kiwifruit in Katerini, which stems from his father’s decision to grow something new.如今，尼科斯·阿迪米迪斯（Nikos Adamidis）在卡泰里尼（Katerini）種植了約12公頃的綠色獼猴桃，這源于他父親種植新品種的決定。

▲Harvested kiwifruit in the Greek orchard of Kostas Kallitsis.在科斯塔斯·卡利蒂斯的希臘果園里收獲的獼猴桃。

While continuing to grow Green kiwifruit, next year he plans to increase a 0.3ha trial of SunGold by replacing 3ha of Green.在繼續(xù)種植綠色獼猴桃的同時(shí)，明年他計(jì)劃通過替換3公頃的綠色獼猴桃，增加0.3公頃的黃金奇異果（SunGold）試驗(yàn)田。

Adamidis may have only been a Zespri supplier since 2019, but he is devoted to the New Zealand company, saying it provides security and technical support, and helps him manage fruit quality and the timing of harvesting.亞當(dāng)?shù)纤梗ˋdamidis）可能自2019年以來才成為佳沛（Zespri）的供應(yīng)商，但他對(duì)這家新西蘭公司十分忠誠(chéng)，稱其提供了安全和技術(shù)支持，并幫助他管理水果質(zhì)量和采摘時(shí)間。

SunGold knits perfectly with his orchard management, the maturing and harvesting patterns of the two varieties being complementary and allowing better use of infrastructure and labour.SunGold與他的果園管理完美契合，兩種品種的成熟和收獲模式相輔相成，從而更好地利用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和勞動(dòng)力。

SunGold is harvested in September, a month earlier than Green, and the trial has shown the variety to be extremely reliable, hardy and easy to manage.SunGold的收獲期為9月，比Green早一個(gè)月，試驗(yàn)表明該品種極為可靠、耐寒且易于管理。